Socket programming guide: building a web application from scratch (socket serve )

introduction

Socket programming is aforcreate a networkapplicationlow-level programming technology for programs. it allows developers to directly connect to the transmission control protocol /internet protocol (TCP/IP) stack interaction provides direct control over underlying network communication. this guide will take you through the steps Socket the world of programming and guide youbuild from scratchpowerful web application.

prerequisites

before you begin this guide, you need to have the following prerequisites: C or C++ basic understanding of programming language TCP/IP understanding the protocol stack is installed C or C++ compilationcomputer

basic concepts

Socket is an endpoint that is used to establish a network connection between two computers. it abstracts the bottom layer TCP/IP the complexity of the protocol allows developers to API working in. web applications usually use two types of Socket： server Socket： listen to incoming connections and accept requests from clients. client Socket： connect to the server Socket and send a request.

create a server Socket

to create a server Socket， you need to perform the following steps: 1. create Socket： use `socket()` function creation server Socket：```c++int serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);``` 2. bind Socket： will Socket bind to a specific IP address and port: ```c++sockaddr_in serverAddr;serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8080);bind(serverSocket, (sockaddr)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));``` 3. monitor Socket： will Socket put it in listening state and wait for the client to connect: ```c++listen(serverSocket, 5);```

accept client connections

when the client connects to the server, the server needs to accept the connection and create a client for communication Socket： c++ int clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, NULL, NULL);

process client requests

once the server accepts the client connection, it can handle requests from the client: 1. receive data: from the client Socket receive request data: ```c++char buffer[1024];int bytesReceived = recv(clientSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);``` 2. processing a request: parse the request data and process it. this may involve database queries, file transfers, or other operations. 3. send a response: to the client Socket send response data: ```c++int bytesSent = send(clientSocket, response, strlen(response), 0);```

create a client Socket

to create a client Socket， you need to perform the following steps: 1. create Socket： use `socket()` function creation client Socket：```c++int clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);``` 2. connect to the server: Socket connect to the server IP address and port: ```c++sockaddr_in serverAddr;serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8080);connect(clientSocket, (sockaddr)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));

send a request and receive a response

once the client connects to the server, you can send a request and receive a response: 1. send a request: to the server Socket send request data: ```c++int bytesSent = send(clientSocket, request, strlen(request), 0);``` 2. receive response: from the server Socket receive response data: ```c++char buffer[1024];int bytesReceived = recv(clientSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);```

frequently asked questions

when should i use it TCP Socket？TCP Socket it is a connection-oriented Socket， suitable for data that requires reliable transmission. it creates a virtual pipeline that ensures data is delivered sequentially and reliably

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